reducing the fixed cost of employment, widespread telecommuting should make

Computers and communication technologies allow individuals to communicate with one another in ways complementary to traditional face-to-face, telephonic, and written modes. They enable collaborative work involving distributed communities of actors who seldom, if ever, meet physically. These technologies utilize communication infrastructures that are both global and always up, thus enabling 24-hour activity and asynchronous as well as synchronous interactions among individuals, groups, and organizations. Social interaction in organizations will be affected by use of computers and communication technologies. Peer-to-peer relations across department lines will be enhanced through sharing of information and coordination of activities. Interaction between superiors and subordinates will become more tense because of social control issues raised by the use of computerized monitoring systems, but on the other hand, the use of e-mail will lower the barriers to communications across different status levels, resulting in more uninhibited communications between supervisor and subordinates. kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga That the importance of distance will be reduced by computers and communication technology also favours telecommuting, and thus, has implications for the residence patterns of the citizens. As workers find that they can do most of their work at home rather than in a centralized workplace, the demand for homes in climatically and physically attractive regions would increase. The consequences of such a shift in employment from the suburbs to more remote areas would be profound. Property values would rise in the favoured destinations and fall in the suburbs. Rural, historical, or charming aspects of life and the environment in the newly attractive areas would be threatened. Since most telecommuters would be among the better educated and higher paid, the demand in these areas for high-income and high-status services like gourmet restaurants and clothing boutiques would increase. Also would there be an expansion of services of all types, creating and expanding job opportunities for the local population. kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga kuwaitga By reducing the fixed cost of employment, widespread telecommuting should make it easier for individuals to work on flexible schedules, to work part time, to share jobs, or to hold two or more jobs simultaneously. Since changing employers would not necessarily require changing one's place of residence, telecommuting should increase job mobility and speed career advancement. This increased flexibility might also reduce job stress and increase job satisfaction. Since job stress is a major factor governing health there may be additional benefits in the form of reduced health costs and mortality rates. On the other hand one might also argue that technologies, by expanding the number of different tasks that are expected of workers and the array of skills needed to perform these tasks, might speed up work and increase the level of stress and time pressure on workers.